Membangun Web Server Hemat Resource dng Nginx, PHP5, dan MySQL

Ehmm... temen2 mungkin udh gak asing lg ama Apache, apalg yg terbiasa pake web server instant (XAMPP). Tp tau gak, klo Apache itu sangat boros resource!. Buat yg punya budget gede sih gak masalah bisa beli server dng spek tingging, tp gmn dng yg budgetnya pas2an seperti saya ini? mau gak mau harus cari akal. Salah satunya adalah menggunakan Nginx. Berikut tutornya.

NOTE: Saya menggunakan Debian utk OS nya, utk OS/distro lain belum coba.

FAQ
QUESTION: Kenapa gak pake XAMPP aja yg praktis???
ANSWER: Klo mau yg instant terus, kapan belajarnya... jng manja :)

Bismillah...

1. Edit repositori di /etc/apt/source.list

# nano /etc/apt/sources.list

2. Tambahkan 2 baris berikut,

deb http://packages.dotdeb.org stable all
deb-src http://packages.dotdeb.org stable all
lalu save!

3. Update hasil perubahan repo

# apt-get update

4. Install Nginx, PHP dan semua modul yg di butuhkan

# aptitude install nginx php5-cgi php5-mysql php5-curl php5-gd php5-idn php-pear php5-imagick php5-imap php5-mcrypt php5-memcache php5-mhash php5-ming php5-pspell php5-recode php5-snmp php5-sqlite php5-tidy php5-xmlrpc php5-xsl

5. Coba Nginxyg baru di install

# /etc/init.d/nginx start

Lalu buka browser dan ketik http://localhost. Harusnya seperti ini,

5. Edit file /etc/php5/cgi/php.ini , cari baris cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0, lalu ubah angka 0 jadi 1. lalu tambahkan juga baris berikut di akhir file,
cgi.fix_pathinfo = 1

save!

6. Install MySQL

# apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client

Lalu masukan password untuk root MySQL

7. Install lighttpd web server,

# apt-get install lighttpd

(Penjelasan: karna nginx tidak memiliki modul FastCGI sendiri, dia butuh modul dari web server lain. Tapi hanya 1 modul saja yg di butuhkan yaitu spawn-fcgi. Setelah modul di ambil, lighttpd harus di matikan. karna tidak mungkin 2 web server jalan sekaligus dlm port yg sama)

kalo muncul error seperti ini, "Starting web server: lighttpd2009-03-19 15:58:09: (network.c.300) can't bind to port: 80 Address already in use failed!" itu berarti port 80 sudah di gunakan Nginx. Cara mengatasinya adalah, hentikan dlu nginx

# /etc/init.d/ningx stop

Lalu install ulang lighttpd

# apt-get install lighttpd

8. Setelah di install, hentikan proses lighttpd, karna yg akan kita gunakan ada Nginx, bukan lighttpd. Kita hanya butuh 1 modul nya saja seperti yg sudah saya jelaskan di atas.

# /etc/init.d/lighttpd stop

9. Atur agar lighttpd tidak otomatis aktif saat boot

# update-rc.d -f lighttpd remove

# rm /usr/sbin/lighttpd

10. Buat file /etc/init.d/php-fastcgi utk meng-handle proses dari PHP/FastCGI.

# nano /etc/init.d/php-fastcgi

Lalu isikan kode berikut

#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          php-fastcgi
# Required-Start:    $all
# Required-Stop:     $all
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: Start and stop php-cgi in external FASTCGI mode
# Description:       Start and stop php-cgi in external FASTCGI mode
### END INIT INFO

# Author: Kurt Zankl

# Do NOT "set -e"

PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin
DESC="php-cgi in external FASTCGI mode"
NAME=php-fastcgi
DAEMON=/usr/bin/php-cgi
PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME
PHP_CONFIG_FILE=/etc/php5/cgi/php.ini

# Exit if the package is not installed
[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0

# Read configuration variable file if it is present
[ -r /etc/default/$NAME ] && . /etc/default/$NAME

# Load the VERBOSE setting and other rcS variables
. /lib/init/vars.sh

# Define LSB log_* functions.
# Depend on lsb-base (>= 3.0-6) to ensure that this file is present.
. /lib/lsb/init-functions

# If the daemon is not enabled, give the user a warning and then exit,
# unless we are stopping the daemon
if [ "$START" != "yes" -a "$1" != "stop" ]; then
log_warning_msg "To enable $NAME, edit /etc/default/$NAME and set START=yes"
exit 0
fi

# Process configuration
export PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
DAEMON_ARGS="-q -b $FCGI_HOST:$FCGI_PORT -c $PHP_CONFIG_FILE"

do_start()
{
# Return
#   0 if daemon has been started
#   1 if daemon was already running
#   2 if daemon could not be started
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \
|| return 1
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON \
--background --make-pidfile --chuid $EXEC_AS_USER --startas $DAEMON -- \
$DAEMON_ARGS \
|| return 2
}

do_stop()
{
# Return
#   0 if daemon has been stopped
#   1 if daemon was already stopped
#   2 if daemon could not be stopped
#   other if a failure occurred
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=TERM/30/KILL/5 --pidfile $PIDFILE > /dev/null # --name $DAEMON
RETVAL="$?"
[ "$RETVAL" = 2 ] && return 2
# Wait for children to finish too if this is a daemon that forks
# and if the daemon is only ever run from this initscript.
# If the above conditions are not satisfied then add some other code
# that waits for the process to drop all resources that could be
# needed by services started subsequently.  A last resort is to
# sleep for some time.
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --retry=0/30/KILL/5 --exec $DAEMON
[ "$?" = 2 ] && return 2
# Many daemons don't delete their pidfiles when they exit.
rm -f $PIDFILE
return "$RETVAL"
}
case "$1" in
start)
[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"
do_start
case "$?" in
0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
stop)
[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"
do_stop
case "$?" in
0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
restart|force-reload)
log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME"
do_stop
case "$?" in
0|1)
do_start
case "$?" in
0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
*) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
esac
;;
*)
# Failed to stop
log_end_msg 1
;;
esac
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac

Save!

Buat agar dapat di eksekusi

# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fastcgi

11. Buat file konfigurasi spawn-fcgi

# nano /etc/default/php-fastcgi

Lalu isikan kode berikut

START=yes

# Which user runs PHP? (default: www-data)

EXEC_AS_USER=www-data

# Host and TCP port for FASTCGI-Listener (default: localhost:9000)

FCGI_HOST=localhost
FCGI_PORT=9000

# Environment variables, which are processed by PHP

PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN=4
PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS=1000

12. Atur agar spawn-fcgi start saat boot

# update-rc.d php-fastcgi defaults
# /etc/init.d/php-fastcgi restart

14. sekarang kita konfigurasi default virtual host nya

# nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

lalu isikan kode berikut

server {
        listen          80;
        server_name     localhost;

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        location ~ \.php$ {
                 root           html;
                 fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
                 fastcgi_index  index.php;
                 fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /var/www/nginx-default$fastcgi_script_name;
                 include        fastcgi_params;
        }

        location / {
                root /var/www/nginx-default;
                index index.php;
        }
}

(NOTE: Yang harus di sesuaikan adalah baris "fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/nginx-default$fastcgi_script_name;". Sesuaikan dng lokasi document root server kamu. Contoh di atas adalah lokasi defaultnya saja. Juga baris "server_name _;" di sesuaikan dng nama server kamu, misal hacker-newbie.org, dll)

15. edit file Nginx.conf

# nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

Cari baris berikut dan udah angkanya

worker_processes 5;
keepalive_timeout 2;

16. untuk memulai PHP FastCGI daemon pada localhost port 9000, ketik command berikut

# /usr/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 9000 -u www-data -g www-data -f /usr/bin/php5-cgi -P /var/run/fastcgi-php.pid

Nah, agar command tsb langsung aktif saat boot, edit file /etc/rc.local, lalu tambahkan kode berikut sebelum tulisan EXIT:

/usr/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 9000 -u www-data -g www-data -f /usr/bin/php5-cgi -P /var/run/fastcgi-php.pid

Save!

17. Restart Nginx

# /etc/init.d/nginx restart

18. Coba tes menggunakan coding PHP sederhana

# nano /var/www/nginx-default/info.php

<? phpinfo(); ?>

19. Buka browser, dan ketik http://localhost/info.php... liat hasilnya.

20. Untuk memulai Nginx saat boot, ketik command berikut,

# update-rc.d nginx defaults

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fiuhhh... selesai bkin Web server sendiri... semoga bermanfaat :)